Could We Clone Presents Our Organs To Be Used In A Transplant?

by Ben

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Posted on 11-08-2020 02:09 AM

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The pros or advantages of human cloning include: infertility: infertile people or same-sex couples could have children made from cloned cells. Organ replacement: a clone, like in the movie, "the island," could be a source for transplant organs or tissue. (there are ethical issues that arise from this, however. )genetic research: cell cloning could assist scientists in gene editing and research.

One advantage of cloning is the fact that we will be able to meet the demands of organ transplants; many more people are needing transplants each year, and we will be able to meet these demands by cloning healthy organs when and if we need them. As well as this, we will be able to figure out how and why genetic disorders develop, and if age has any bearing, by studying the embryos and a growing clone closely. Also, it could help to preserve endangered species, which is good as we don't want any more species to become extinct. However, there are also disadvantages to cloning. For one thing, clones may not live as long, for example dolly the sheep only lived for half as long as normal sheep do. As well as this, the cloning process often fails and is expensive to carry out; it took 300 attempts to clone dolly so it would've cost thousands to keep trying to clone presents clone mug gifts presents clone her. Another disadvantage is the fact that people see this a playing god and messing with nature, which they see as a bad thing that is unnatural and shouldn't be done.

The prospect of cloning humans is highly controversial, and it raises a number of ethical, legal, and social challenges that need to be considered. The vast majority of scientists and lawmakers view human reproductive cloning—cloning for the purpose of making a human baby—immoral. Supporters see it as a possible solution to infertility problems. Some even imagine making clones of geniuses, whose work could advance society. Far-fetched views describe farms filled with clone gifts ideas clone mugs funny clone presents s whose organs are harvested for transplantation—a truly horrific idea.

Because of their fundamental nature, scientific discoveries in the basic sciences (e. G. , anesthesia, atomic energy, recombinant dna) occasionally lead to unanticipated deleterious applications. Knowledge in itself is amoral, but the choices for its applications reside in the ethical decisions of humans. Cloning, like other developments in basic science, was initiated to seek new fundamental knowledge. In addition to yielding information about the role of the nucleus during cell differentiation, the procedure also provided insight into basic aspects of modifying the cancer phenotype, rejuvenating aged nuclei by oocyte cytoplasm, nuclear reprogramming, and genomic imprinting. It will continue to yield new knowledge in these and other basic subjects. As scientists who have worked in frog cloning, we are gratified to see decades of basic research culminating in the production of cloned mammals that will produce human proteins for the alleviation of human disease. Cloning will likely result in the genetic improvement of livestock, the production of animal models to study and treat human diseases, and sources of animal tissues and organs for xenotransplantation to humans. We consider these applications of cloning appropriate. Indeed, they are the reasons why dolly was produced.

How Organ Cloning Could Work

Easy business. Requires careful work, constant checking preliminary findings, skepticism one's accomplishments. Findings report understand religious opposition little better, quotes respondents readily transformed questionnaire items future studies explore topic deeply. Future projects wish explore variations attitudes related distinctions following: animals versus versus whole person general engineering stem versus wider including abortion versus related versus full organisms attitudes versus actions, such feeling wrong versus prohibiting time future, relatively reliable technology, well-accepted industry producing biological products including transplantation. Present time, technology very poorly out, methods been somewhat successful animals appear unsuited beings. Thus, quite reasonable predict face difficult period technical development, deformed, short-lived, suffering increased impatience. Thus, thoughtful advocate caution, employ religious figurative language express well-grounded concerns. Dogmatic religious opposition rooted technical humanitarian concerns, existence incompatible progress. Peaceful overcome such opposition, short converting believers away strongly-held, literalistic faith. Must therefore period overt conflict between secular advocates religious opponents opponents succeed establishing strict anti-cloning laws world-wide, then conflict especially harsh real (and unfortunate) possibility violence. Those believe violates god's laws unlikely show tolerance defy supposedly sacred prohibition.

Cloned embryos that survive pregnancy can be born with a variety of birth defects and other health problems. According to the fda, one phenomenon seen in cloning is that presents clone clone mugs funny clone mug gifts d animals tend to be larger than normal at birth, with unusually large organs. Enlarged organs often function improperly, causing problems with circulation, breathing and other bodily functions, sometimes leading to early death. Cloned animals often have malformations of various organs and body parts. In addition, their immune systems may fail to work properly, leading to later disease development.

Cloning is a process used to obtain an identical organism asexually. The clone it produces does not only look and think like its donor, but its dna is also identical. Dna stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the substance which contains the genetic information for most organisms. In other words, it contains the information that tells the body how to work and develop. For example, if you have blue eyes, it is a result of your dna – it is also what makes it possible for any individual to trace back to his ancestral roots with a dna testing kit. Read our guide on the best dna test.

Cloning refers to the process of the creating genetically identical organisms or an organ of an individual. While the cloning of different plant species such as grapes and bananas is continuing since decades without any objection, people see the same process in human beings as an unnatural. In human beings and animals, cloning takes place by replacing the nucleus of an egg with that of a donor somatic cell. At present, no country allows human cloning, though researchers succeeded in creating clones of a sheep and a dog in the past decade. The cloning possesses the capability of improving the plant, animal, and human species, but, at the same time, it’s unethical factors anger social workers and religious communities at large.

The Value of Therapeutic Cloning for Patients

An organ that is created by the use of therapeutic cloning has miniscule chances of organ rejection during transplant, because it is created as an exact match of the patients dna. This would also mean that there would be no need for an organ donor as well as no surgery for the removal of the organ from the donor. Also, there is no need for the patient to wait for the donor’s death before receiving the required organ. Thus therapeutic cloning has many valuable uses and can be used for the treatment of several diseases that are very difficult to treat. The subject of therapeutic cloning is also benefits the field of medical research as scientists can effectively learn and understand the method of organ regeneration.

Why Therapeutic Cloning is Valuable:

Another valuable emerging application is therapeutic cloning of one’s own organs. Here we don’t clone the entire person (you), but rather directly create one of your organs. By starting with germ line cells, differentiation (into different types of cells) is triggered prior to the formation of a fetus. Because differentiation takes place during the pre-fetal stage (i. E. , prior to implantation of a fetus), most ethicists believe that this process does not raise ethical concerns, although this issue has been highly contentious.

What Is Human Cloning?

With so much enhancement in medical science, cloning is slowly but surely looking like it could be in our near future. However, is it really an option that should be considered as a way to extend human life? find out the pros and cons, and decide for yourself if cloning is worth the risks. Take an introduction to biology with an online class.

Reproductive cloning – the copying of a human individual – is illegal in britain and dozens of other countries. But even in countries where no laws have specifically been passed against it, human cloning has been seen as a no-no. Kathy guillermo, senior vice president of animal rights group peta, said: “cloning is a horror show – a waste of lives, time and money. And the suffering that such experiments cause is unimaginable.

Alvarez, luis walter alvarez, asaro, michel. 1980. "extraterrestrial cretaceous/tertiary extinction," science, 208: 1095-1008. Bainbridge, william sims. 1985. "cultural genetics," 157-198 in religious movements, edited rodney stark. York: paragon house. Bainbridge, william sims. 1989. Survey computer-assisted introduction. Belmont, california: wadsworth. Bainbridge, william sims. 1992. Social statistics. Belmont, california: wadsworth. Bainbridge, william sims. 1997. The sociology movements. York: routledge. Bainbridge, william sims. 2002a. The endtime family: god. Albany: state university york press. Bainbridge, william sims. 2002b prophet's reward: dynamics exchange,"pp. 63-89 in sacred markets, canopies, edited jelen. Lanham, maryland: rowman littlefield. Bainbridge, william sims. 2002c. "validity web-based surveys," 51-66 in computing humanities, edited orville vernon burton. Urbana: university illinois press. Bainbridge, william sims. 2003. "sacred algorithms: exchange theory claims," in defining religion edited aurthur greil david bromley. Oxford: jai/elsevier (volume of religion order). Benin, mary holland. 1985. "determinants abortion," sociological perspectives, 199-216. Best, samuel brian krueger, clark hubbard, andrew smith. 2001. Assessment generalizability internet surveys," social computer review, 131-145. Campbell, courtney 1997. "religious perspectives cloning," d1-d66 appendix beings, national bioethics advisory commission. Rockville, maryland: national bioethics advisory commission. Childe, v. Gordon. 1951. Man himself. York: mentor. Cia. 2001. Long-term global demographic trends: reshaping geopolitical landscape. Washington, d. C. :central intelligence agency. Dennett, daniel 1995. Darwin's dangerous york: simon schuster. Department of commerce. 1999. Falling through net: defining digital divide. Washington, u. S. Department commerce. Durkheim, emile. 1915. The elementary forms life. York, free (1965). Finke, roger, rodney stark. 1992. The churching america, 1776-1990. Brunswick, jersey: rutgers university press. Freud, sigmund. 1927. The illusion. Garden city, york: doubleday. Hummer, robert richard rogers, isaac eberstein. 1998. "sociodemographic differentials adult mortality," population review, 24:553-578. Hummer, robert richard rogers, charles nam, christopher ellison. 1999. "religious involvement u. S. Adult mortality," demography, 273-285. Iannoccone, laurence 1994. "why churches growing," american journal sociology 99, 1180-1211. Idler, ellen stanislav kasl. 1992. "religion, disability, timing death," american journal sociology, 1052-1079. Jelen, ted.

Reproductive cloning has a number of pros. Much of it relates to helping human families gain children, but there is also a benefit for the animal world. Take an online course in gcse biology. Here’s a brief list of the ways reproductive cloning can help: parents with no eggs and sperm can create children that are genetically related.

Yes, it works. Believe it or not, cloning is relatively old science: the earliest successful reproductive cloning was performed on tadpoles in 1952. Since then, some 20 species including cats, dogs, monkeys, rats, pigs, camels, and fish have been cloned with varying levels of success. It works, but it doesn’t work great. On average, only about 10% of clones lead to healthy living offspring; the rest fail or die for one reason or another. Clones seem to have higher risk of genetic problems, shorter lifespan, and other health issues. These medical concerns have been a big contributor to the fact that —for now — human cloning is relegated to the realm of science fiction.

"why environmentalists oppose human cloning and inheritable genetic modification". Friends of the earth. Retrieved june 3rd, 2008 - "ensuring diversity & ecosystem survival cloning represents a fundamental shift in our relationship with nature. It is a break from the process of natural evolution known to build strength into species through diversity. It is the ultimate in monoculture.

Cloning could prove helpful in the research of genetics. Using cloning technologies, genetic researchers would have a better understanding of the composition of genes and the effects of genetic constituents on human traits. There is also the likely ability to alter genetic constituents in cloned humans, and cloning could help combat genetic diseases. Discover a mathematical way to observe biology with an online course.

Facts – The First Cloned Human Embryo

Despite several highly publicized claims, human cloning still appears to be fiction. There currently is no solid scientific evidence that anyone has cloned human embryos. In 1998, scientists in south korea claimed to have successfully cloned a human embryo, but said the experiment was interrupted very early when the clone was just a group of four cells. In 2002, clonaid, part of a religious group that believes humans were created by extraterrestrials, held a news conference to announce the birth of what it claimed to be the first cloned human, a girl named eve. However, despite repeated requests by the research community and the news media, clonaid never provided any evidence to confirm the existence of this clone or the other 12 human clones it purportedly created.

We can make cloned human embryos pretty well. Could we go further and grow those embryos into a baby? a clue came in january of 2018, when researchers in china cloned our animal cousins – monkeys – for the first time. Pictures of two cute baby primates, zhong zhong and hua hua, quickly spread around the world.

In 2004, a group led by woo-suk hwang of seoul national university in south korea published a paper in the journal science in which it claimed to have created a cloned human embryo in a test tube. However, an independent scientific committee later found no proof to support the claim and, in january 2006, science announced that hwang's paper had been retracted.

Therapeutic cloning involves creating a cloned embryo for the sole purpose of producing embryonic stem cells with the same dna as the donor cell. These stem cells can be used in experiments aimed at understanding disease and developing new treatments for disease. To date, there is no evidence that human embryos have been produced for therapeutic cloning.

In biomedical research, cloning is broadly defined to mean the duplication of any kind of biological material for scientific study, such as a piece of dna or an individual cell. For example, segments of dna are replicated exponentially by a process known as polymerase chain reaction , or pcr, a technique that is used widely in basic biological research. The type of cloning that is the focus of much ethical controversy involves the generation of cloned embryos , particularly those of humans, which are genetically identical to the organisms from which they are derived, and the subsequent use of these embryos for research, therapeutic, or reproductive purposes.

Advanced cell technologies (act) has reported the successful cloning of a human embryo by removing dna from the skin of a man’s leg and inserting it into a cow’s egg, which previously had its nucleus removed. The announced cloning took place on november 1998, although act may have performed the same experiment years before. Researchers allowed the cloned embryo to develop for 12 days before halting the experiment. Several more clonings have reportedly been done with the goal of harvesting stem cells from embryos. Stem cells are found inside embryos during the first two weeks of their development and have the potential to develop into any kind of cell in the human body. After two weeks stem cells differentiate into more specialized tissues.

Tissues created from stem cells could be used to treat nerve damage, parkinson’s disease, and diabetes. Stem cells could also be used to create organs for transplantation. In addition, many other medical benefits are expected. Act’s clone may be the first cloned human embryo. There were reports of similar work in south korea, but it remains unclear as to whether those scientists were successful.

Human cloning pros and cons

Selective human traits: after editing or removing bad genes, cloning could lead engineered humans for specific traits. Human development: cloning could enhance and advance human development. The cons or disadvantages of human cloning raise moral, ethical and safety issues: reproductive cloning: the negatives of human cloning including the making of designer babies. Human cloning: could be a violation of the clone's individual human rights.

Leon kass, a conservative american ethicist, asserted in 1998 that cloning is wrong, because it distorts family relationships and our sense of human dignity. 20 apart from the spontaneous disgust that we feel when we think about unnatural ways of making babies, 21 we have good grounds for rejecting cloning as an asexual form of procreation. The continuous renewal of humanity, according to kass, relies on heterosexual families and children born as an intended outcome of sex between men and women. Organisms that reproduce asexually are selfish and only concerned with passing on their own genome as a whole. Human beings, in contrast, engage in (hetero)sexual activities for different motives. Men and women come pleasurably together to mix their genomes and to bring about new life that is not identical with theirs. Their own inimitable genome as such dies in the process, but something more important is born: another unique member of the human family that can be taught the ways and faith of its parents and community. Human cloning as an asexual method of creating progeny would distort the sense of family and natural relationships within it. Cloning would irrevocably confuse the essential concepts of being a mother, a father, a child, an aunt, an uncle, and so on, and humanity as we know it would come to its end.

From a technical perspective, cloning humans and other primates is more difficult than in other mammals. One reason is that two proteins essential to cell division, known as spindle proteins, are located very close to the chromosomes in primate eggs. Consequently, removal of the egg's nucleus to make room for the donor nucleus also removes the spindle proteins, interfering with cell division. In other mammals, such as cats, rabbits and mice, the two spindle proteins are spread throughout the egg. So, removal of the egg's nucleus does not result in loss of spindle proteins. In addition, some dyes and the ultraviolet light used to remove the egg's nucleus can damage the primate cell and prevent it from growing.

The arguments for and against cloning, especially the reproductive cloning of human beings by somatic cell nuclear transfer, have not evolved since the 1997–2007 debates that followed the birth of dolly. Even then, they were mostly reiterations of earlier clashes between the liberals and the conservatives in the 1960s and 1970s. 34.

Another concern is that because cloning is an asexual way of reproducing it would decrease genetic variation among offspring and, in the long run, might even constitute a threat to the human race. The gene pool may narrow sufficiently to threaten humanity’s resistance to disease (ama 1999, 6). In response, it has been argued.

While we as a council acknowledge merit in some of the arguments made for cloning-to-produce-children, we are generally not persuaded by them. The fundamental weakness of the proponents' case is found in their incomplete view of human procreation and families, and especially the place and well-being of children. Proponents of cloning tend to see procreation primarily as the free exercise of a parental right, namely, a right to satisfy parental desires for self-fulfillment or a right to have a child who is healthy or "superior. " parents seek to overcome obstacles to reproduction, to keep their children free of genetic disease or disorder, and to provide them with the best possible genetic endowment. The principles guiding such prospective parents are freedom (for themselves), control (over their child), and well-being (both for themselves and what they imagine is best for their child). Even taken together, these principles provide at best only a partial understanding of the meaning and entailments of human procreation and child-rearing. In practice, they may prove to undermine the very goods that the proponents of cloning aim to serve, by undermining the unconditional acceptance of one's offspring that is so central to parenthood.

Plastic, reconstructive, and cosmetic surgery. Because of human cloning and its technology the days of silicone breast implants and other cosmetic procedures that may cause immune disease should soon be over. With the new technology, instead of using materials foreign to the body for such procedures, doctors will be able to manufacture bone, fat, connective tissue, or cartilage that matches the patient’s tissues exactly. Anyone will able to have their appearance altered to their satisfaction without the leaking of silicone gel into their bodies or the other problems that occur with present-day plastic surgery. Victims of terrible accidents that deform the face should now be able to have their features repaired with new, safer, technology. Limbs for amputees may be able to be regenerated.

The Top Ten Myths about Human Cloning

This paper was written to show the reader with information on how cloning a human is a good idea. It may be too soon right now to clone a human, but in the near future scientists will be capable of cloning a human successfully. The rapid development of the technology for cloning has led to moral debates around the world on whether or not to ban cloning humans. With the advancement of clone technology two states, california and michigan, have already banned the cloning of humans. "everybody who thought it would proceed slowly and could be stopped was wrong," said lee silver, a professor from the university of princeton. Without proper research to support the ban, the premature ban should …show more content….

Many science fiction movies, such as gattaca, the island or moon have dealt with the implications of genetic engineering and human cloning. Most of them have portrayed a somewhat dystopian future and emphasize the problems of genetic manipulation. However, it is also important to stress the potential benefits of human cloning. Here is a list of its pros:.

An argumentative paper on the ethics and benefits of human cloning. This paper discusses the history, background and the complicated ethics regarding human cloning. The author looks at the science of cloning, pros and cons of cloning and argues that cloning is beneficial in the long run. “there is no other topic in health care with more potential for controversy than human cloning. I decided to write my paper on human cloning for this very reason, it will be an even more controversial issue than abortion in the future for my generation. Indeed, cloning is a topic for the future but this future is much closer than many people would like to believe. Many have deep religious and ethical reasons for wanting a total ban on human cloning. However, there are also many people, including some scientists, who believe that the possible benefits of human cloning outweigh the risks by a huge margin. Cloning has become an issue within the past 4 years due to the realization that it is possible to clone a human being. ”.

Best Scientific, Medical and Legal Articles on Human Cloning

Below are some of the best scientific, medical, and legal articles we have discovered. They are all available on the internet. A science teacher who used to work at the roslin institute (1990 to 1994), knows the “characters” (ian wilmut, keith campbell, bill ritchie, etc) first hand, and now teaches genetics and cell biology at napier university (edinburgh), explains the basics of human cloning at his website and provides some very nice graphics to show how cloning works http://www. Synapses. Co. Uk/science/clone. Html.

Although not clear to its full potential, human cloning benefits are expected to be numerous for human race. Let us have a look at such potential and achieved benefits. The process of creation of genetically identical person from either a living or dead person is known as human cloning. It includes the production of clone tissues, also donated from the individual to be cloned. This term refers to artificial human cloning only. The birth of twins is called natural human cloning. Even though the birth of twins is the result of natural human cloning they are separate people with separate experience. The presence of identical dna makes no difference in their being different personalities. The scientific community all over the world is still investigating the question how similar the original and its clone would be and this may depend up on how much of personality traits are determined by genes.

Human cloning is not as simple as just replicating a person. There are various scientific and technological obstacles to performing this study. In terms of science, human cloning has its own benefits and problems, especially therapeutic cloning. One of the main advantages of using stem cells isolated from embryos is that the cells are pluripotent. This means that these cells are able to differentiate into any cell type in the human body except embryo cells. Hence, pluripotent cells have the potential to grow and produce healthy organs or to treat any body organ (tissue) diseases by replacing defective cells; for instance, this could involve using pluripotent cells to replace abnormal red blood cells in sickle-celled anaemia disease or to replace damaged heart tissue, thereby preventing cardiovascular diseases (explorestemcells, 2010).

Reproductive cloning may enable researchers to make copies of animals with the potential benefits for the fields of medicine and agriculture. For instance, the same scottish researchers who cloned dolly have cloned other sheep that have been genetically modified to produce milk that contains a human protein essential for blood clotting. The hope is that someday this protein can be purified from the milk and given to humans whose blood does not clot properly. Another possible use of cloned animals is for testing new drugs and treatment strategies. The great advantage of using cloned animals for drug testing is that they are all genetically identical, which means their responses to the drugs should be uniform rather than variable as seen in animals with different genetic make-ups.

Role of the scientist is to break the laws of nature. - steen wiladsen - cloning and genetic modification are in existence because the promise for possible benefits. Aside from the benefits of cloning animals, there are many supposed benefits, which would be brought by human cloning. However, it is important to point.

Out the majority of these listed benefits are just assumed possibilities, since the cloning of humans has not yet been completed. People who are in favor of human cloning say that the technological benefits clearly outweigh the possible social consequences. Cloning chuman cloning could help infertile couples have the children that they were never able to.

The benefits of human cloning in recent years, many new breakthroughs in the areas of science and technology have been discovered. A lot of these discoveries have been beneficial to scientific community and to the people of the world. One of the newest breakthroughs is the ability to clone. Ever since ian wilmut and his co-workers completed the successful cloning of an adult sheep named dolly, there has been an ongoing debate on whether it is right or wrong to continue the research of cloning (burley). Recently, in february 2001, cnn conducted a poll that stated, 90% of american adults think that cloning humans is a bad idea (robinson). Even though the majority of americans are opposed to human cloning, …show more content….

The successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell nucleus opens new avenues for major advances in reproductive medicine, biotechnology and cellular-based transplantation therapies for degenerative diseases. At the same time, this breakthrough has generated much heated discussion concerning the ethics of cloning. Twinning is a form of cloning, and there are instances in clinical assisted reproduction in which the deliberate formation of twins by embryo dissection would seem ethically acceptable. Nuclear transfer technology might facilitate the derivation of human embryonic stem cells, capable of differentiation into a wide variety of somatic cell lineages. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into specific cell types in vitro could provide a universal source of cells for transplantation therapy. The potential benefits of therapeutics based on cloning technologies are considerable, and hasty legislation to ban all such procedures could block progress in critical arenas of biomedical research.

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