Do Clone Giftd Animals Always Look Identical?

by Ben

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Posted on 11-08-2020 02:08 AM

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In 2017, scientists in shanghai succeeded in cloning two genetically identical long-tailed macaques, small brown and black monkeys with body lengths of 16 to 28 inches. The last successful cloning of a primate was in 1998, but scientists have also cloned about 20 different types of animals including dogs, pigs, frogs, mice, cows and rabbits since the first cloned animal in 1996.

Reproductive cloning may enable researchers to make copies of animals with the potential benefits for the fields of medicine and agriculture. For instance, the same scottish researchers who cloned dolly have clone present ideas coffee mug clone gift ideas clone d other sheep that have been genetically modified to produce milk that contains a human protein essential for blood clotting. The hope is that someday this protein can be purified from the milk and given to humans whose blood does not clot properly. Another possible use of cloned animals is for testing new drugs and treatment strategies. The great advantage of using clone presents ideas clone mug gift clone present ideas d animals for drug testing is that they are all genetically identical, which means their responses to the drugs should be uniform rather than variable as seen in animals with different genetic make-ups.

Human cloning refers to the creation of replicas or identical copies of human through genetic engineering techniques. Human cloning was a popular theme in science fiction literature but technological progress has made possible the clonation of species. Scientists have already managed to successfully clone plants and animals and in theory using similar technologies they could also create copies of humans. There are two processes through which humans could be in theory gift ideas clone clone mug gifts coffee mug clone d:.

In 2000, researchers cloned monkeys for the first time, but did so by splitting an embryo after it had been fertilised, essentially just producing a genetically identical twin. This method can only be used to create a maximum of four identical animals. Now, qiang sun at the chinese academy of sciences institute of neuroscience in shanghai and his colleagues have tweaked the technique used to produce dolly to create a theoretically limitless number of clones.

Cloning is a technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things. Genes, cells, tissues, and even whole animals can all be cloned. Some clones already exist in nature. Single-celled organisms like bacteria make exact copies of themselves each time they reproduce. In humans, identical twins are similar to clones. They share almost the exact same genes. Identical twins are created when a fertilized egg splits in two.

What are the potential applications of cloned animals?

Should humans be cloned? should human cloning be banned ? a major objection to human cloning is that cloned embryos are used to produce embryonic stem cells and the cloned embryos are ultimately destroyed. The same objections are raised with regard to stem cell therapy research that uses embryonic stem cells from non-cloned sources. Changing developments in stem cell research , however, could help ease concerns over stem cell use. Scientists have developed new techniques for generating embryonic-like stem cells. These cells could potentially eliminate the need for human embryonic stem cells in therapeutic research. Other ethical concerns about cloning involve the fact that the current process has a very high failure rate. According to the genetic science learning center, the cloning process only has a success rate of between 0. 1 to 3 percent in animals.

Cloning of embryonic cells (stem cells) could have important health applications in organ transplantation, treating injured nerve cells, and otherwise. In addition to scnt, the method discussed above for cloning individuals, another technique is available, induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs), although scnt has proven to be much more effective and less costly. The objective is to obtain pluripotent stem cells that have the potential to differentiate in any of the three germ layers characteristic of humans and other animals: endoderm (lungs and interior lining of stomach and gastrointestinal tract), ectoderm (nervous systems and epidermal tissues), and mesoderm (muscle, blood, bone, and urogenital tissues). Stem cells, with more limited possibilities than pluripotent cells, can also be used for specific therapeutic purposes ( 45 ).

What are the potential drawbacks of cloning animals?

I would be really interested to learn whether people who are committed to cloning their animals would, if given the opportunity and the technology were available, consider cloning family members. Perhaps not a spouse as you'd have to wait for them to grow up, in which case you might be on your deathbed while they are in their prime. But a child that has tragically died is within the realms. Would grieving parents be willing to risk harm to potential clones in the creation of a viable clone? would we argue that such an approach is one of "denial" and recommend counselling? what would the welfare of that child be, having to live up to expectations re temperament and behaviour?.

Science today is developing at warp speed. We have the potential to do many things, which include the cloning of actual humans and animals. The question no longer seems to be if we will clone humans, but when? somewhere, sometime, a human clone will be born. This fact has exploded the world into a global debate. Will large armies of soldiers be raised to fight our wars? or perhaps we will create a race of slaves to do our dirty work. Cloning is becoming more credible and concrete idea rather.

Embryonic cloning is often touted for its potential in the field of medical research -- in fact, some us scientists suggest that embryonic cloning can lead to breakthroughs in the field of stem cell research, including the production of a variety of cell and tissue types. In theory, these materials could be for organ repair and transplantation, potentially saving millions of lives. When used in agriculture, embryonic cloning has the potential of increasing food supply by increasing the production of plants and animals with desirable traits. Similarly, embryonic cloning may prove useful in preventing the extinction or rare and endangered animals.

What is therapeutic cloning?

What is cloning? most people don’t know that there are two main types of cloning: therapeutic and reproductive. Therapeutic cloning is closely linked to stem cell research, and involves artificial growth of cells, organs, or tissues for use in research or medical treatment. But when you think of cloning, you’re probably thinking of reproductive cloning, a process that results in a living cloned organism.

Therapeutic cloning involves creating a cloned embryo for the sole purpose of producing embryonic stem cells with the same dna as the donor cell. These stem cells can be used in experiments aimed at understanding disease and developing new treatments for disease. To date, there is no evidence that human embryos have been produced for therapeutic cloning.

Reproductive cloning isn't allowed in humans, but it has happened with many animals. The process is the same as for the start of therapeutic cloning - you take a cell from the patient, remove the nucleus and put it into an empty egg, and shock the embryo to life. With reproductive cloning, you then need to implant the embryo, and it should grow like any normal pregnancy.

Cloning is an extremely important technology–not for cloning humans but for life extension: therapeutic cloning of one’s own organs, creating new tissues to replace defective tissues or organs, or replacing one’s organs and tissues with their “young” telomere-extended replacements without surgery. Cloning even offers a possible solution for world hunger: creating meat without animals.

Gene cloning is a carefully regulated technique that is largely accepted today and used routinely in many labs worldwide. However, both reproductive and therapeutic cloning raise important ethical issues, especially as related to the potential use of these techniques in humans. Reproductive cloning would present the potential of creating a human that is genetically identical to another person who has previously existed or who still exists. This may conflict with long-standing religious and societal values about human dignity, possibly infringing upon principles of individual freedom, identity and autonomy. However, some argue that reproductive cloning could help sterile couples fulfill their dream of parenthood. Others see human cloning as a way to avoid passing on a deleterious gene that runs in the family without having to undergo embryo screening or embryo selection.

To be clear, then, the most dramatically contested area here is the cloning of human beings for reproductive purposes, i. E. For making babies who grow up to be fully-grown adults and fully-fledged members of their societies. Research on human embryos, including nuclear transfer clones, is widely allowed for fourteen days after conception; and the subsequent cultivation and scientific and therapeutic use of human embryonic stem cells is in most countries (not all) 18 accepted. Human reproduction is at the heart of the cloning issue, ethically speaking, with the ideas of design and the historically ever-popular theme of enhancing individuals and improving the human race. 19.

Another valuable emerging application is therapeutic cloning of one’s own organs. Here we don’t clone the entire person (you), but rather directly create one of your organs. By starting with germ line cells, differentiation (into different types of cells) is triggered prior to the formation of a fetus. Because differentiation takes place during the pre-fetal stage (i. E. , prior to implantation of a fetus), most ethicists believe that this process does not raise ethical concerns, although this issue has been highly contentious.

What are the potential applications of therapeutic cloning?

Therapeutic cloning, while offering the potential for treating humans suffering from disease or injury, would require the destruction of human embryos in the test tube. Consequently, opponents argue that using this technique to collect embryonic stem cells is wrong, regardless of whether such cells are used to benefit sick or injured people.

The current uk rules and regulations states that embryos more than fourteen days old must not be used in research. This does not mean that a balostocyst younger than two weeks should not be respected. In fact, the rules clearly state that early embryos should be used in research only if there are no alternatives, such as adult stem cells, and only with consent. A precise record keeping must also be carried out to ensure that all embryos are treated the same (wilmut et al. , 2007). On the other hand, from a different perspective and as opposed to what many theological associations believe, the embryo is just a ball of cells and must not be considered to be a person. In other words, the embryo is not equivalent to a human being and, as a result of this, human rights should not apply to a bunch of cells that have no brain, personality, character, self-awareness, memory, etc. Therefore, the act of therapeutic cloning is not immoral as it uses a bunch of cells that contain dna like human skin cells to extract stem cells from and save thousands of lives. It only becomes wrong when the embryo is starting to develop a brain (mental life) and shows the appearance of the capacity to think. However, at this stage, an embryo is just a cluster of cells (putatunda, 2007). Therefore, whilst many people believe that an embryo has the potential to become a human and, hence, must be respected, others believe that this does not mean that just because the embryo has this potential and must be authorised to have the same rights as a person. As john harris stated in the value of life, “we are all potentially dead but that does not mean we should be treated as if we are dead” (wilmut et al. , 2007).

The successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell nucleus opens new avenues for major advances in reproductive medicine, biotechnology and cellular-based transplantation therapies for degenerative diseases. At the same time, this breakthrough has generated much heated discussion concerning the ethics of cloning. Twinning is a form of cloning, and there are instances in clinical assisted reproduction in which the deliberate formation of twins by embryo dissection would seem ethically acceptable. Nuclear transfer technology might facilitate the derivation of human embryonic stem cells, capable of differentiation into a wide variety of somatic cell lineages. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into specific cell types in vitro could provide a universal source of cells for transplantation therapy. The potential benefits of therapeutics based on cloning technologies are considerable, and hasty legislation to ban all such procedures could block progress in critical arenas of biomedical research.

Human cloning is not as simple as just replicating a person. There are various scientific and technological obstacles to performing this study. In terms of science, human cloning has its own benefits and problems, especially therapeutic cloning. One of the main advantages of using stem cells isolated from embryos is that the cells are pluripotent. This means that these cells are able to differentiate into any cell type in the human body except embryo cells. Hence, pluripotent cells have the potential to grow and produce healthy organs or to treat any body organ (tissue) diseases by replacing defective cells; for instance, this could involve using pluripotent cells to replace abnormal red blood cells in sickle-celled anaemia disease or to replace damaged heart tissue, thereby preventing cardiovascular diseases (explorestemcells, 2010).

Stem cell therapy consists of cloning embryonic cells to obtain pluripotent or other stem cells that can be used in regenerative medicine, to treat or prevent all sorts of diseases, and for the transplantation of organs. At present, bone marrow transplantation is a widely used form of stem cell therapy; stem blood cells are used in the treatment of sickle cell anemia, a lethal disease when untreated, which is very common in places where malaria is rife because heterozygous individuals are protected against infection by plasmodium falciparum, the agent of malignant malaria. One of the most promising applications of therapeutic cloning is the growth of organs for transplantation, using stem cells that have the genome of the organ recipient. Two major hurdles would be overcome. One is the possibility of immune rejection; the other is the availability of organs from suitable donors. Another regenerative medical application that might be anticipated is the therapeutic growth of nerve cells. There are hundreds of thousands of individuals throughout the world paralyzed from the neck down and confined for life to a wheelchair as a consequence of damage to the spinal cord below the neck, often as a consequence of a car accident or a fall, that interrupts the transmission of nerve activity from the brain to the rest of the body and vice versa. A small growth of nerve cells sufficient to heal the wound in the spinal cord would have enormous health consequences for the wounded persons and for society.

1. It comes with a great potential for research. Though the objective of therapeutic cloning would be to allow for viable treatments in the field of medicine, the research that is being done into it is believed to be actually better than any medical results that have been achieved. From better understanding of defects fetuses have at birth to viable treatments for cancer, this method of cloning has been offering researchers the opportunity to dig deeper into the cellular and genetic levels for human health will be better understood.

2. It has the potential to reduce the possibilities of an organ being rejected during transplantation. A primary goal of therapeutic cloning would be to create new organs from the existing tissues of a patient, with the aspect that the organs will just be created from his or her own cells, so there would be a reduced risk of organ rejection once the procedure of transplanting would be successfully completed. As there are continuous advancements in the field of this technology, researchers expect that the level of risks of rejection would continue to go down.

What are the potential drawbacks of therapeutic cloning?

3. It is believed to help treat serious medical conditions. For those who are being diagnosed with serious conditions, like alzheimer’s disease, seeing their doctors give them an injection of therapeutically cloned cells that will cure them immediately would be a great gift to their lives. There would come the reality in science that, instead of suffering a lifetime of chronic pain and other physical issues, this method of cloning would provide the opportunity to find potential cures in just a single clinic visit.

What are some of the ethical issues related to cloning?

The biggest cloning controversies center around human cloning. Many organizations have called for a moratorium on research into human cloning, concerned about ethical issues. Some religious organizations have spoken vehemently against human cloning on the basis that it is tampering with that which only the divine should control — the creation of life itself.

Subsequently, in february 1997, ian (now sir ian) wilmut and his research team at the roslin institute announced dolly’s birth in the prestigious science journal nature. This provoked political and ethical debates that have never truly stopped. Public discussion of cloning gradually receded in prominence as new issues arose to dominate the airwaves and the headlines, notably the threat of jihadist terrorism following the attacks on september 11, 2001. But issues relating to cloning technology remain crucial to debates over biomedical research and its regulation.

Benefits of cloning include being able to create tissue and organs that doctors can use when needed for surgery on the original. If labs can clone and grow only the parts needed, this would eliminate the moral and ethical issues associated with cloning an entire person. Other benefits include growing stem cells, cloning lab mice genetically engineered for the specific study, bringing back extinct species, reproducing a pet that died and cloning livestock for food.

All responsible ethicists, including this author, consider human cloning at the present time to be unethical. The reasons have nothing to do with the slippery (slope) issues of manipulating human life. Rather, the technology today simply does not work reliably. The current technique of fusing a cell nucleus from a donor to an egg cell using an electric spark causes a high level of genetic errors.

The pros or advantages of human cloning include: infertility: infertile people or same-sex couples could have children made from cloned cells. Organ replacement: a clone, like in the movie, "the island," could be a source for transplant organs or tissue. (there are ethical issues that arise from this, however. )genetic research: cell cloning could assist scientists in gene editing and research.

There are many ethical concerns, surrounding human cloning, and there is no consensus yet about these ethical issues. Most of the ethical implications are theological concerns and different religious views that believe that human cloning is the act of changing what god wants and changing the way human babies would normally born. Many religious organisations believe that the embryo must be considered as a human being and the act of therapeutic cloning, where stem cells are extracted from the embryo, therefore, is the same as murdering a human being. As a result of this belief, what many people are against about human cloning is the act of terminating one person’s life in order for another person to live longer (putatunda, 2007). This so-called ‘instrumentalization’ view states, with regard to therapeutic cloning, that embryos must not be treated like an instrument and be produced only to help others to survive, but they should have an opportunity to experience the life like any other human beings who were an embryo (kuhse & singer, 2006).

Selective human traits: after editing or removing bad genes, cloning could lead engineered humans for specific traits. Human development: cloning could enhance and advance human development. The cons or disadvantages of human cloning raise moral, ethical and safety issues: reproductive cloning: the negatives of human cloning including the making of designer babies. Human cloning: could be a violation of the clone's individual human rights.

1. What is Cloning?

Reproductive cloning – the copying of a human individual – is illegal in britain and dozens of other countries. But even in countries where no laws have specifically been passed against it, human cloning has been seen as a no-no. Kathy guillermo, senior vice president of animal rights group peta, said: “cloning is a horror show – a waste of lives, time and money. And the suffering that such experiments cause is unimaginable.

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With so much enhancement in medical science, cloning is slowly but surely looking like it could be in our near future. However, is it really an option that should be considered as a way to extend human life? find out the pros and cons, and decide for yourself if cloning is worth the risks. Take an introduction to biology with an online class.

“because cloning has a failure rate of at least 90 per cent, these two monkeys represent misery and death on an enormous scale. ”but isn’t it a wonderful answer to the loss of much-loved pets? the rspca says no. A spokesman said that there was evidence that cloned animals, “frequently suffer physical ailments such as tumours, pneumonia and abnormal growth patterns”.

Reproductive cloning has a number of pros. Much of it relates to helping human families gain children, but there is also a benefit for the animal world. Take an online course in gcse biology. Here’s a brief list of the ways reproductive cloning can help: parents with no eggs and sperm can create children that are genetically related.

Alvarez, luis walter alvarez, asaro, michel. 1980. "extraterrestrial cretaceous/tertiary extinction," science, 208: 1095-1008. Bainbridge, william sims. 1985. "cultural genetics," 157-198 in religious movements, edited rodney stark. York: paragon house. Bainbridge, william sims. 1989. Survey computer-assisted introduction. Belmont, california: wadsworth. Bainbridge, william sims. 1992. Social statistics. Belmont, california: wadsworth. Bainbridge, william sims. 1997. The sociology movements. York: routledge. Bainbridge, william sims. 2002a. The endtime family: god. Albany: university york press. Bainbridge, william sims. 2002b prophet's reward: dynamics exchange,"pp. 63-89 in sacred markets, canopies, edited jelen. Lanham, maryland: rowman littlefield. Bainbridge, william sims. 2002c. "validity web-based surveys," 51-66 in computing humanities, edited orville vernon burton. Urbana: university illinois press. Bainbridge, william sims. 2003. "sacred algorithms: exchange claims," in defining religion edited aurthur greil david bromley. Oxford: jai/elsevier (volume of religion order). Benin, mary holland. 1985. "determinants abortion," sociological perspectives, 199-216. Best, samuel brian krueger, clark hubbard, andrew smith. Assessment generalizability internet surveys," social computer review, 131-145. Campbell, courtney 1997. "religious perspectives cloning," d1-d66 appendix beings, national bioethics advisory commission. Rockville, maryland: national bioethics advisory commission. Childe, v. Gordon. 1951. Man makes himself. York: mentor. Cia. 2001. Long-term demographic trends: reshaping geopolitical landscape. Washington, d. C. :central intelligence agency. Dennett, daniel 1995. Darwin's dangerous idea. York: simon schuster. Department of commerce. 1999. Falling net: defining digital divide. Washington, u. S. Department commerce. Durkheim, emile. 1915. The elementary forms york, (1965). Finke, roger, rodney stark. 1992. The churching america, 1776-1990. Brunswick, jersey: rutgers university press. Freud, sigmund. 1927. The illusion. Garden city, york: doubleday. Hummer, robert richard rogers, isaac eberstein. 1998. "sociodemographic differentials mortality," population review, 24:553-578. Hummer, robert richard rogers, charles nam, christopher ellison. 1999. "religious involvement u. S. Mortality," demography, 273-285. Iannoccone, laurence 1994. "why churches growing," american sociology 99, 1180-1211. Idler, ellen stanislav kasl. 1992. "religion, disability, timing death," american sociology, 1052-1079. Jelen, ted.

Cloning expert professor robin lovell-badge doesn’t think so. He said: “you could clone from a particular efficient soldier but you can’t predict what their behaviour will be like. So maybe they would rather go and do flower arranging than fighting. “it’s the same with an einstein. You can’t recreate perfectly all the conditions in which the first individual was brought up. ”.

2. Cloning for Research and Therapy

In order to rationally investigate the ethical issues surrounding therapeutic cloning using embryonic stem cells in research and therapy, it is important to briefly look at some of the main ethical issues raised over the past few years. Technically, stem cells can be isolated from adults (e. G. Skin), from umbilical cord blood, from foetal tissue, and from embryonic tissue. However, scientists believe that embryos are the best sources of stem cells for therapeutic cloning today. Therefore, this raises the question of whether, in future, embryos will be created just to be used as a source to harvest stem cells. Another issue that has been raised by the european group on ethics is the woman’s right since mothers are the means necessary to create embryos. There are also issues regarding the anonymity and security of the donors and the confidentiality of their genetic information. The commercial uses and transport of the donated tissues and genetic material globally, which could result in many criminal cases are crucial issues which are linked to peoples safety and security and must be attentively considered (kuhse & singer, 2006). A similar debate is currently taking place, in the uk, on whether everyone’s dna must be kept on the database or only criminal’s dna.

Molecular cloning, a term that has come to mean the creation of recombinant dna molecules, has spurred progress throughout the life sciences. Beginning in the 1970s, with the discovery of restriction endonucleases – enzymes that selectively and specifically cut molecules of dna – recombinant dna technology has seen exponential growth in both application and sophistication, yielding increasingly powerful tools for dna manipulation. Cloning genes is now so simple and efficient that it has become a standard laboratory technique. This has led to an explosion in the understanding of gene function in recent decades. Emerging technologies promise even greater possibilities, such as enabling researchers to seamlessly stitch together multiple dna fragments and transform the resulting plasmids into bacteria, in under two hours, or the use of swappable gene cassettes, which can be easily moved between different constructs, to maximize speed and flexibility. In the near future, molecular cloning will likely see the emergence of a new paradigm, with synthetic biology techniques that will enable in vitro chemical synthesis of any in silico-specified dna construct. These advances should enable faster construction and iteration of dna clones, accelerating the development of gene therapy vectors, recombinant protein production processes and new vaccines.

The ability of cloning to yield an exponential multiplication of dna molecules – in vivo through vector-mediated transformation, as well as in vitro via pcr, is a step adopted in almost all research protocols in experimental genetics (sambrook et al. , 1989). Dna cloning has brought about a wealth of knowledge by enabling the study and sequencing of single genes from many organisms. Our knowledge of the relationship between structure and function of gene products has been enriched by the comparison of a high number of homologous genes from diverse origins. Structural domains have been established which now allow the rapid identification of the genes in the sequenced genome. Evolutionary studies have also benefited from the large amount of data which have shown new relationships among organisms. This knowledge expands to applied fields such as the industrial manufacturing of proteins of medical interest, production of transgenic organisms (particularly in agriculture) and ultimately to human gene therapy (cavazzana-calvo et al. , 2000).

3. Human Reproductive Cloning

There are a number of negatives involved with reproductive cloning, and they are listed below. Some of the arguments are religious in nature. Cloning children could foster an understanding that children can be designed and replicated to the parents’ wishes. There would be a lack of uniqueness and violate convictions regarding human individuality and freedom. Clones could be seen as less than human compared with non-clones.

Yes, it works. Believe it or not, cloning is relatively old science: the earliest successful reproductive cloning was performed on tadpoles in 1952. Since then, some 20 species including cats, dogs, monkeys, rats, pigs, camels, and fish have been cloned with varying levels of success. It works, but it doesn’t work great. On average, only about 10% of clones lead to healthy living offspring; the rest fail or die for one reason or another. Clones seem to have higher risk of genetic problems, shorter lifespan, and other health issues. These medical concerns have been a big contributor to the fact that —for now — human cloning is relegated to the realm of science fiction.

Reproductive cloning means making an identical copy of a person - creating a new human being with the same dna as an existing person. This is what people usually mean when they talk about human clones.

The moral and ethical arguments of cloning mostly refer to human cloning and human reproductive cloning. One of the problems of creating a cloned copy of a human being is that it creates a moral and ethical dilemma. Since the original and the copy are both human beings, but separate, like identical twins (nature's version of cloning), this means that the clone has the same rights as the original and it would be illegal to use the clone's parts or organs for replacement in the original. Some researchers argue that the cloning a child using the genetic material of the donor imposes an unfair situation upon the clone, as the clone has lost the right to have its own genetic material because the original forced its genes onto the clone.

The arguments for and against cloning, especially the reproductive cloning of human beings by somatic cell nuclear transfer, have not evolved since the 1997–2007 debates that followed the birth of dolly. Even then, they were mostly reiterations of earlier clashes between the liberals and the conservatives in the 1960s and 1970s. 34.

In biomedical research, cloning is broadly defined to mean the duplication of any kind of biological material for scientific study, such as a piece of dna or an individual cell. For example, segments of dna are replicated exponentially by a process known as polymerase chain reaction , or pcr, a technique that is used widely in basic biological research. The type of cloning that is the focus of much ethical controversy involves the generation of cloned embryos , particularly those of humans, which are genetically identical to the organisms from which they are derived, and the subsequent use of these embryos for research, therapeutic, or reproductive purposes.

Anon267645 may 10, 2012 we won't want to clone a hitler like being if we clone humans. I believe that we shall never clone any human being. --harry anon262055 april 18, 2012 i want at least one biological child. It has become clear that reproductive cloning is probably my only option. I frankly don't care whether luddites are terrified of reproductive cloning. I want it!.

Below are some of the best scientific, medical, and legal articles we have discovered. They are all available on the internet. A science teacher who used to work at the roslin institute (1990 to 1994), knows the “characters” (ian wilmut, keith campbell, bill ritchie, etc) first hand, and now teaches genetics and cell biology at napier university (edinburgh), explains the basics of human cloning at his website and provides some very nice graphics to show how cloning works http://www. Synapses. Co. Uk/science/clone. Html.

Cloning. More than ever, the word stirs emotion and triggers debate, as what was once science fiction becomes scientific fact. Just what are researchers working on and why? do we have anything to gain, or to lose, from their continued efforts? for the first time, researchers have successfully cloned a human embryo -- and have extracted stem cells , the body's building blocks, from the embryo. Stem cells are considered one of the greatest hopes for curing diseases like diabetes , parkinson's disease , and paralysis caused by spinal cord injury.

The benefits of human cloning in recent years, many new breakthroughs in the areas of science and technology have been discovered. A lot of these discoveries have been beneficial to scientific community and to the people of the world. One of the newest breakthroughs is the ability to clone. Ever since ian wilmut and his co-workers completed the successful cloning of an adult sheep named dolly, there has been an ongoing debate on whether it is right or wrong to continue the research of cloning (burley). Recently, in february 2001, cnn conducted a poll that stated, 90% of american adults think that cloning humans is a bad idea (robinson). Even though the majority of americans are opposed to human cloning, …show more content….

Cloning refers to the process of the creating genetically identical organisms or an organ of an individual. While the cloning of different plant species such as grapes and bananas is continuing since decades without any objection, people see the same process in human beings as an unnatural. In human beings and animals, cloning takes place by replacing the nucleus of an egg with that of a donor somatic cell. At present, no country allows human cloning, though researchers succeeded in creating clones of a sheep and a dog in the past decade. The cloning possesses the capability of improving the plant, animal, and human species, but, at the same time, it’s unethical factors anger social workers and religious communities at large.

The prospect of cloning humans is highly controversial, and it raises a number of ethical, legal, and social challenges that need to be considered. The vast majority of scientists and lawmakers view human reproductive cloning—cloning for the purpose of making a human baby—immoral. Supporters see it as a possible solution to infertility problems. Some even imagine making clones of geniuses, whose work could advance society. Far-fetched views describe farms filled with clones whose organs are harvested for transplantation—a truly horrific idea.

How human cloning will work how cells work which came first, the chicken or the egg? what are genetically modified foods? what are stem cells and what are they used for? what is a gene, and what is genetic engineering? how can two children from the same parents look so different? how can there be seedless grapes? how can they reproduce?.

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